iSamples Materials Vocabulary

Vocabularies and extensions:

• iSamples Materials Vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

History:

2022-01-05 SMR version 0.9, change base uri to https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/0.9/ for testing with ESIP COR and w3id uri resolution
2022-03-11 SMR change definitions from rdfs:comment to skos:definition. Minor fixes to some definitions. Add skos matches to URIs from other vocabularies; 2023-11-05 version 1.0, in preparation for release.

Concept Hierarchy:

• Material
  • Any anthropogenic material
    • Anthropogenic metal material
    • Anthropogenic material
  • Any ice
    • Frozen water
  • Biogenic non-organic material
  • Dispersed media
  • Natural Solid Material
    • Mineral
    • Mixed soil sediment or rock
    • Particulate
    • Rock or sediment
      • Rock
      • Sediment
    • Soil
  • Fluid material
    • Gaseous material
    • Liquid water
    • Non-aqueous liquid material
  • Organic material

Material

The concept Material
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/material
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

This is the top concept of the vocabulary.

Immediately narrower concepts:

Any anthropogenic material, Any ice, Biogenic non-organic material, Dispersed media, Natural Solid Material, Fluid material, Organic material

Definition:

Top Concept in iSamples Material Category scheme

Any anthropogenic material

The concept Any anthropogenic material
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/anyanthropogenicmaterial
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Any anthropogenic material

Immediately narrower concepts:

Anthropogenic metal material, Anthropogenic material

Definition:

Material produced by human activity.

Anthropogenic metal material

The concept Anthropogenic metal material
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/anthropogenicmetal
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Any anthropogenic material->Anthropogenic metal material

Definition:

Specimen is dominantly composed of metal that has been produced or used by humans; subclass of anthropogenic material. Samples of naturally occuring metallic material (e.g. native copper, gold nuggets) should be considered mineral material. Metallic material is material that when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typically malleable (they can be hammered into thin sheets) or ductile (can be drawn into wires). The boundaries between metals, nonmetals, and metalloids fluctuate slightly due to a lack of universally accepted definitions of the categories involved. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal). c.f. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001069

Anthropogenic material

The concept Anthropogenic material
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/otheranthropogenicmaterial
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Any anthropogenic material->Anthropogenic material

Definition:

Non-metallic material produced by human activity. Organic products of agricultural activity are both anthropogenic and organic. Include lab preparations like XRF pellet and rock powders. Examples: ceramics, concrete, slag, (anthropogenic) glass, mine tailing, plaster, waste.

Any ice

The concept Any ice
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/anyice
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Any ice

Immediately narrower concepts:

Frozen water

Definition:

a solid material that is normally a liquid or gas at Standard Temperature and Pressre (STP) that is in a solid state under the observed temperature and pressure conditions.

Frozen water

The concept Frozen water
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/waterice
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Any ice->Frozen water

Definition:

Water that is in a solid state.

Alternate labels:

Water ice

Biogenic non-organic material

The concept Biogenic non-organic material
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/biogenicnonorganicmaterial
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Biogenic non-organic material

Definition:

Material produced by an organism but not composed of ‘very large molecules of biological origin.’ E.g. bone, tooth, shell, coral skeleton,

Dispersed media

The concept Dispersed media
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/dispersedmedia
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Dispersed media

Definition:

A material contains discrete elements of one medium that are dispersed in a continuous fluid medium. The dispersed component can be a gas, a liquid or a solid (based on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersed_media). Does not include mixtures of granular material like soil, sediment, particulate, or solids that would be considered a rock.

Natural Solid Material

The concept Natural Solid Material
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/earthmaterial
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Natural Solid Material

Immediately narrower concepts:

Mineral, Mixed soil sediment or rock, Particulate, Rock or sediment, Soil

Definition:

Undifferentiated soil, sediment, rock, or natural particulates. Typically (nessarily?) a granular aggregate that might include any of the previous constiturents. Use for Earth Material aggregates of uncertain origin

Mineral

The concept Mineral
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/mineral
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Natural Solid Material->Mineral

Definition:

Material consists of a single mineral or mineraloid phase. . ‘A mineral is an element or chemical compound that is normally crystalline and that has been formed as a result of geological processes.’ (Nickel, Ernest H. (1995), The definition of a mineral, The Canadian Mineralogist. 33 (3): 689–90). Include mineraloids. … A material primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000256). Comment: the identity of a mineral species is defined by a crystal structure and a chemical composition that might include various specific elemental substitutions in that structure. Mineraloid: A naturally occurring mineral-like substance that does not demonstrate crystallinity. Mineraloids possess chemical compositions that vary beyond the generally accepted ranges for specific minerals. Examples: obsidian, Opal. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraloid)

Mixed soil sediment or rock

The concept Mixed soil sediment or rock
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/mixedsoilsedimentrock
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Natural Solid Material->Mixed soil sediment or rock

Definition:

Material is mixed aggregation of fragments of undifferentiated soil, sediment or rock origin. e.g. cuttings from some boreholes (rock fragments and caved soil or sediment).

Particulate

The concept Particulate
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/particulate
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Natural Solid Material->Particulate

Definition:

Material consists of microscopic particulate material derived by precipitation, filtering, or settling from suspension in a fluid, e.g. filtrate from water, deposition from atmosphere, astro material particles. Might include mineral, organic, or biological material. ENVO definition (ENVO_01000060) has “composed of microscopic portions of solid or liquid material suspended in another environmental material.”, refine here to define as the solid particles, distinct from a material in which they are suspended. A material that includes solid or liquid particles suspended in another material would be a dispersed_media in this scheme, not defined in ENVO. Human manufactured particulates (e.g. rock powder) should be categorized as ‘anthropogenic material’ as well as ‘Particulate’

Rock or sediment

The concept Rock or sediment
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/rockorsediment
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Natural Solid Material->Rock or sediment

Immediately narrower concepts:

Rock, Sediment

Definition:

Material is rock or sediment. E.g. for samples from subsurface cores that are not well described, from drill holes that likely penetrate sediment near the surface an might be sampling rock at greater depth.

Notes:

Use for sample like dredge hauls and ROV scoops that mix rock and sediment from a water body bottom.

Use for samples described as rock>sedimentary AND sediment, where it is unclear whether the sample is a consolidated ‘rock’ object, or loose disaggregated material in a bag.

Rock

The concept Rock
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/rock
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Natural Solid Material->Rock or sediment->Rock

Definition:

Consolidated aggregate of particles (grains) of rock, mineral (including native elements), mineraloid, or solid organic material. Includes mineral aggregates such as granite, shale, marble; natural glass such as obsidian; organic material formed by geologic processes such a coal; extraterrestrial material in meteorites; and crushed rock fragments like drill cuttings from rock. (based on http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock, same as http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00001995)

Sediment

The concept Sediment
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/sediment
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Natural Solid Material->Rock or sediment->Sediment

Definition:

Solid granular material transported by wind, water, or gravity, not modified by interaction with biosphere or atmosphere (to differentiate from soil). Particles derived by erosion of pre-existing rock, from shell or other body parts from organisms, precipitated chemically in the surficial environment, or generated by explosive volcanic activity. (http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment). Sediment is not consolidated, i.e. Particulate constituents of a compound material do not adhere to each other strongly enough that the aggregate can be considered a solid material in its own right. Similar to http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002007

Notes:

Note that this category includes chemical sediments that might preciptate to form a solid mass, e.g. preciptitates forming vents at submarine hot springs, or gypsum and halite deposites formed by evaporation in hypersaline lakes. (http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/consolidationdegree/consolidated).

Tephra is subclass of sediment because it is generally not lithified, in which case it would be considered Rock.

Soil

The concept Soil
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/soil
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Natural Solid Material->Soil

Definition:

Mixed granular mineral and organic matter modified by interaction between earth material, biosphere, and atmosphere, consisting mostly of varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil) Soil consists of horizons near the Earth’s surface that, in contrast to the underlying parent material, have been altered by the interactions of climate, relief, and living organisms over time. (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054280) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00001998)

Fluid material

The concept Fluid material
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/fluid
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Fluid material

Immediately narrower concepts:

Gaseous material, Liquid water, Non-aqueous liquid material

Definition:

a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress, or external force. Fluids are a phase of matter and include liquids, gases and plasmas. They are substances with zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, substances that cannot resist any shear force applied to them. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid)

Gaseous material

The concept Gaseous material
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/gas
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Fluid material->Gaseous material

Definition:

Material composed of one or more chemical entities that has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000797). Infer that the sample is curated in some kind of container.

Liquid water

The concept Liquid water
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/liquidwater
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Fluid material->Liquid water

Definition:

A material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form; infer that the sample is curated in some kind of container.

Non-aqueous liquid material

The concept Non-aqueous liquid material
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/nonaqueousliquid
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Fluid material->Non-aqueous liquid material

Definition:

Liquid composed dominantly of material other than water. Includes liquids that do not fit in any other category. E.g. alcohol, petroleum.

Organic material

The concept Organic material
with URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/organicmaterial
is defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/materialsvocabulary

Path from the top concept:
Material->Organic material

Definition:

Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more very large molecules of biological origin. Examples: body (animal or plant), body part, fecal matter, seeds, wood, tissue, biological fluids, biological waste, algal material, biofilm, necromass, plankton. source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000155